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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different varieties can produce different flavors. Learn more about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a type Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier, tarter flavor profile and are often used in blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee in the world and accounts for 75% of all global premium coffee beans bean production. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta, and come in different flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of coffee is affected by the conditions under which it is grown as well as the methods of processing used.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word meaning the berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that develop inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds found that their goats were energized by eating fruits. The cultivation of Coffee beans types quickly spread all over the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes and are able to thrive when exposed to cool temperatures and plenty of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is thought to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on the ethical source of their arabica beans, by emphasizing fair wages for farmers and sustainable growing practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique coffees that are suitable for different brewing methods. Blending gives you control over the flavour, aroma as well as body and acidity of the coffee. It is often preferred in order to achieve an even and consistent taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most sought-after type of coffee bean in the world. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against pests and diseases. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids which are antioxidants naturally found in. These acids can cause oxidation in the brewing process, and can result in undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more durable than arabica and is able to grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It is tolerant of warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and is growing faster than arabica. This makes it a more cost effective crop to grow.

Although it may sound contradictory it's true that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended to make coffee blends. If you find names such as Uganda or Kenya on a coffee beans bulk buy bag, it's possible that there is also some robusta.

Most roasters employ a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to cut costs and ensure quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor, it's crucial to select a high-quality bean from a supplier you trust. The best method to achieve this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped which distinguishes them from other coffee bean varieties. They have a scent that is fruity, floral and smoky. They are often added to other coffee bean types to provide them with a more rich, more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans can be found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They are resistant to hot, humid climates and are able to grow at low altitudes. They also have a better resistance to disease than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for growing at home. You can purchase seeds online from a number of sources, but it is best to purchase them from local producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils, with moderately acidic pH and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa which was previously considered to be a separate species but has been re-classified as a variant of Liberica. These coffee beans with an oval shape are grown on large coffee plants that range from 20 to 30 feet in height at medium roast coffee beans altitudes. Their unique flavor is tart and sour, making them a popular choice for house blends. They have a milder aroma and higher caffeine content that is less than Arabica or Robusta however they have a unique depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as common as Arabica and Robusta, even though they are the fourth most popular. They were actually thought to be distinct species of coffee until 2006 when they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Nowadays, they're grown mostly in Southeast Asia and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape, and a dark, mysterious taste. They're typically used in blends to add extra body and a luscious tart, ripe fruit flavor.

Arabica beans are the most popular, and are known for having a sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical and warm climates as well as at higher altitudes. They also have a hint of acidity. If they are brewed correctly and roast properly they can be flavored like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most-loved coffee around the world. It makes up around 40% of all coffee consumed globally. Robusta is rounder and smaller, but they have more caffeine than Arabica. They are also bitterer than the other two types and have an earthy, woody taste.

After you've learned about the four most common types of brew, it's time to select your favorite brew. If you're looking for a smooth, delicate flavor, opt for an arabica bean or a blend of arabica and robusta beans.