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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a coffee enthusiast, you likely already know that different varieties of beans have different flavor profiles. Learn about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter flavor profile, and are often added to blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans are responsible for 75% of the world's production. Arabica beans have a milder and sweeter flavor than Robusta. They are available with a variety of flavor profiles. The aroma and taste of a particular coffee can vary greatly based on the climatic conditions and methods of processing employed to produce it.

The word "coffee" derives from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that are cultivated inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were invigorated by eating fruits. The cultivation of highest rated coffee beans grew rapidly around the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes and are capable of flourishing in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is considered to be the best tasting kind of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on the ethical source of arabica beans, focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique signature coffees, which are suitable for various brewing methods. Blending is a way to control the flavour, aroma, body, and acidity of the coffee. It is usually preferred to achieve an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most popular type of coffee bean around the world. They have a higher caffeine content per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation during the brewing process, and can result in undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica and is able to thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It is tolerant of warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and grows more quickly than arabica. This makes it a economical crop to cultivate.

While it may seem counterintuitive Robusta beans are typically mixed with arabica to create coffee blends. If you notice the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag then it's likely that there's some robusta too.

The majority of roasters make use of a mix of arabica and coffee beans in order to cut costs and ensure quality. To maintain the quality of the flavor, it's essential to select a high-quality bean from a source that you trust. This can be accomplished by purchasing your beans direct from farmers.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped and are therefore distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive aroma that is fruity and floral with smoky undertones. They are paired with other types of coffee beans to give them a deeper and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They are tolerant of hot, humid climates and can grow at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for home cultivation. The seeds can be found on the internet from several sources, but it is recommended to purchase from local producers to guarantee the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee plants include fertile deep volcanic soils with a moderately acidic pH and adequate annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different kind of coffee bean. It was once classified as a separate species, but has been reclassified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that are grown on large 20-30 foot coffee plants at moderate altitudes. They have a distinct taste that is both tart and fruity that has made them a preferred choice for blends in house. They are also less pronounced in aroma and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta however they still have an unusual depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most sought-after type of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't quite as easy to find as Arabica or Robusta. In fact, they were considered an individual species of coffee beans for sale plant until 2006 when they were classified as a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% the world's production of coffee. The coffee beans are distinctive with a teardrop-shaped shape and possess an intriguing dark flavor. These beans are commonly used to give blends extra body and a sweet tart flavor of ripe fruits.

Arabica beans are the most sought-after, and are known for having more sweetness. They thrive in warm, tropical climates as well as at higher altitudes. They also have a bit of acidity. If they are brewed correctly and roast properly they may impart notes like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most sought-after coffee around the world. It is responsible for around 40% of all coffee consumed around the world. Robusta beans are smaller and rounder however they have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have earthy and woody undertones.

Now that you know the four most popular types of coffee beans online beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select your ideal coffee. If you prefer an elegant and delicate taste go for an arabica bean or a blend of arabica beans and robusta beans.